bulk88@hotmail.com wrote:
> A random but interesting fact is, in NYC a voice call wont even begin
> under -101, and cuts out at -103 and had no bars. In the hudson valley,
> I can make a call at -105 (2 bars) and can talk perfectly with no
> distortion at -106 in a basement.
First, the bars are never an accurate indicator.
Second, with
CDMA, not even signal strength is an accurate indicator of
the probability of a call going through and sounding well. It's a
decent way of making an educated guess, but there are other factors
involved.
In particular, there is something in
CDMA that other standards don't
have: a phenomenon known as the "noise floor." This is the limit where
a weak signal becomes indistinguishable from background noise. The
thing about
CDMA is that all conversations are happening on pretty much
the same channel, over a broad spectrum. In simplistic terms, the cell
site and phone use a signal mask - a type of decryption key - to
separate the conversation they are involved in from all of the other
traffic on the channel. With that conversation singled out, all of the
other traffic on the channel looks like noise.
The drawback to this method of transmission is that the more
conversations you have on one cell, the more "noise" appears to compete
with each conversation. And so, the noise floor rises. The end result
is that a signal has to be strong enough to exceed the noise floor in
order for the call to go through.
This is why in NYC, you need a stronger signal to make a call, while out
in less populatied areas, you can make a call with a weaker signal.
Less traffic equals less noise.
While AMPS, TDMA and
GSM don't really have this problem of a varying
noise floor, they can't quite load as many calls onto the same channel
as
CDMA can, meaning their capacity is lower. So, it's a trade off: you
can either build out a
CDMA network that covers the area in qeustion
well enough to pack in more people onto a network, or you can allow for
weaker signals but handle fewer calls.
On Verizon, Sprint and other
CDMA networks, the absolute best way to
judge whether a call will go through is to check the EC/Io (pronounced
"eee see over eye not") value in the field test screen. This indicator
is kind of a signal to noise ratio, and indicates where that noise floor
is currently.
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